Direct requests
Direct requests are used to tell someone to “please do” something or “please not do” something. This structure sounds best in a context where your request might be expected, given the context.
| Politeness | Request (“Please do…”) | Negative request (“Please don’t do…”) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Casual | 〜て Transcription: -te | 〜ないで Transcription: -naide | |
〜てくれ Transcription: -te kure | 〜ないでくれ Transcription: -naide kure | used by male speakers | |
〜てちょうだい Transcription: -te chōdai | 〜ないでちょうだい Transcription: -naide chōdai | used by female speakers | |
Polite | 〜てください Transcription: -te kudasai | 〜ないでください Transcription: -naide kudasai | |
Casual | お〜... ください Transcription: o-... kudasai | ❌ | Verbs with special honorific forms use that instead of お (o) + verb. Often used for formal instructions or suggested actions that would be beneficial to the listener. |
Indirect requests
Indirect requests are requests that are phrased as questions, like “Can you…?” or “Can you not…?” Remember:
You can form an indirect request using either a positive question (e.g. “Will you do me a favor and…?”) or a negative question (“Won’t you do me a favor and…?”).
You can also form them using two different verbs: either くれる (transcribed kureru)or もらえる (transcribed moraeru).
Here are the most common combinations of sentence structures and politeness:
| Politeness | Request (“Can you do…?”) | Negative request (“Can you not do…?”) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Casual | 〜てくれる? Transcription: -te kureru? | 〜てもらえる? Transcription: -te moraeru? | 〜ないでくれる? Transcription: -naide kureru? | 〜ないでもらえる? Transcription: -naide moraeru? |
〜てくれない? Transcription: -te kurenai? | 〜てもらえない? Transcription: -te moraenai? | 〜ないでくれない? Transcription: -naide kurenai? | 〜ないでもらえない? Transcription: -naide moraenai? | |
Polite | 〜てくれますか? Transcription: -te kuremasu ka? | 〜てもらえますか? Transcription: -te moraemasu ka? | 〜ないでくれますか? Transcription: -naide kuremasu ka? | 〜ないでもらえますか? Transcription: -naide moraemasu ka? |
〜てくれませんか? Transcription: -te kuremasen ka? | 〜てもらえませんか? Transcription: -te moraemasen ka? | 〜ないでくれませんか? Transcription: -naide kuremasen ka? | 〜ないでもらえませんか? Transcription: -naide moraemasen ka? | |
Very polite | 〜てくださいますか? Transcription: -te kudasaimasu ka? | 〜ていただけますか? Transcription: -te itadakemasu ka? | 〜ないでくださいますか? Transcription: -naide kudasaimasu ka? | 〜ないでいただけますか? Transcription: -naide itadakemasu ka? |
〜ていただけませんか? Transcription: -te kudasaimasen ka? | 〜ていただけませんか? Transcription: -te itadakemasen ka? | 〜ないでくださいませんか? Transcription: -naide kudasaimasen ka? | 〜ないでいただけませんか? Transcription: -naide itadakemasen ka? | |
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