Study Resource: Brazilian Portuguese past participle reference sheet
By: Ana Amélia Rodrigues dos Santos
The following charts will help you to form past participles in Brazilian Portuguese.
Regular past participles in Brazilian Portuguese
These are the rules for forming the past participles of regular verbs. Notice that both -er and -ir verbs take the -ido ending in the past participle form, while -ar verbs take -ado.
| Verb Group | Rule | Infinitive | Participle |
|---|---|---|---|
-ar verbs | -ar → -ado | cantar (meaning to sing) | cantado |
estudar (meaning to study) | estudado | ||
-er verbs | -er → -ido | comer (meaning to eat) | comido |
viver (meaning to live) | vivido | ||
-ir verbs | ir → -ido | partir (meaning to leave) | partido |
dividir (meaning to divide) | dividido |
Irregular past participles in Brazilian Portuguese
The following verbs are some of the most common verbs that have only an irregular past participle form.
| Infinitive | Participle |
|---|---|
dizer (meaning to say) | dito |
fazer (meaning to do, to make) | feito |
escrever (meaning to write) | dito |
pôr (meaning to put) | dito |
ver (meaning to see) | dito |
vir (meaning to come) | dito |
abrir (meaning to open) | dito |
cobrir (meaning to cover) | dito |
Brazilian Portuguese verbs with two past participle forms
The following are some common Brazilian Portuguese verbs that have both a regular and an irregular participle form. The regular form is generally used with the auxiliariester (meaning to have) or haver (meaning to have), while the irregular forms are used elsewhere.
(In casual speech, you may hear the irregular form used even with ter and haver.)
| Infinitive | Participle (regular) | Participle (irregular) |
|---|---|---|
absorver (meaning to absorb) | absorvido | absorto |
abstrair (meaning to abstract) | abstraído | abstrato |
aceitar (meaning to accept) | aceitado | aceito |
acender (meaning to light) | acendido | aceso |
afeiçoar (meaning to shape, to trim) | afeiçoado | afeto |
afligir (meaning to afflict) | afligido | aflito |
agradecer (meaning to thank) | agradecido | grato |
anexar (meaning to attach) | anexado | anexo |
aspergir (meaning to sprinkle) | aspergido | asperso |
assentar (meaning to settle) | assentado | assente |
assumir (meaning to assume) | assumido | assumpto |
atender (meaning to attend) | atendido | atento |
benzer (meaning to bless) | benzido | bento |
cativar (meaning to captivate) | cativado | cativo |
cegar (meaning to blind) | cegado | cego |
completar (meaning to complete) | completado | completo |
comprimir (meaning to compress) | comprimido | compresso |
concluir (meaning to conclude) | concluído | concluso |
confessar (meaning to confess) | confessado | confesso |
confundir (meaning to confuse) | confundido | confuso |
convencer (meaning to convince) | convencido | convicto |
converter (meaning to convert) | convertido | converso |
corrigir (meaning to correct) | corrigido | correto |
corromper (meaning to corrupt) | corrompido | corrupto |
cultivar (meaning to cultivate) | cultivado | culto |
defender (meaning to defend) | defendido | defeso |
descalçar (meaning to peel off) | descalçado | descalço |
desenvolver (meaning to develop) | desenvolvido | desenvolto |
despertar (meaning to awaken) | despertado | desperto |
dispersar (meaning to dismiss) | dispersado | disperso |
dissolver (meaning to dissolve) | dissolvido | dissoluto |
eleger (meaning to elect) | elegido | eleito |
emergir (meaning to emerge) | emergido | emerso |
empregar (meaning to employ) | empregado | empregue |
encarregar (meaning to charge, to delegate) | encarregado | encarregue |
encher (meaning to fill) | enchido | cheio |
entregar (meaning to deliver) | entregado | entregue |
envolver (meaning to involve) | envolvido | envolto |
enxugar (meaning to wipe) | enxugado | enxuto |
erigir (meaning to stiffen) | erigido | ereto |
exaurir (meaning to exhaust) | exaurido | exausto |
expelir (meaning to expel) | expelido | expulso |
expressar (meaning to express) | expressado | expresso |
exprimir (meaning to express) | exprimido | expresso |
expulsar (meaning to kick out) | expulsado | expulso |
extinguir (meaning to extinguish) | extinguido | extinto |
fartar (meaning to get fed up) | fartado | farto |
findar (meaning to finish) | findado | findo |
fixar (meaning to fix) | fixado | fixo |
frigir (meaning to fry) | frigido | frito |
fritar (meaning to fry) | fritado | frito |
ganhar (meaning to earn, to win) | ganhado | ganho |
gastar (meaning to spend) | gastado | gasto |
imergir (meaning to immerse) | imergido | imerso |
imprimir (meaning to print) | imprimido | impresso |
incluir (meaning to include) | incluído | incluso |
incorrer (meaning to incur) | incorrido | incurso |
infectar (meaning to infect) | infectado | infecto |
inquietar (meaning to disturb) | inquietado | inquieto |
inserir (meaning to insert) | inserido | inserto |
isentar (meaning to exempt) | isentado | isento |
juntar (meaning to join) | juntado | junto |
libertar (meaning to free) | libertado | liberto |
limpar (meaning to clean) | limpado | limpo |
livrar (meaning to free, to rid) | livrado | livre |
manifestar (meaning to manifest) | manifestado | manifesto |
matar (meaning to kill) | matado | morto |
misturar (meaning to mix) | misturado | misto |
morrer (meaning to die) | morrido | misto |
murchar (meaning to wither) | murchado | murcho |
nascer (meaning to get born) | nascido | nado/nato |
ocultar (meaning to hide) | ocultado | oculto |
omitir (meaning to omit) | omitido | omisso |
oprimir (meaning to oppress) | oprimido | opresso |
pagar (meaning to pay) | pagado | pago |
pasmar (meaning to amaze) | pasmado | pasmo |
pegar (meaning to pick up, to catch) | pegado | pego |
perverter (meaning to pervert) | pervertido | perverso |
prender (meaning to arrest, to fasten) | prendido | preso |
pretender (meaning to intend) | pretendido | pretenso |
repelir (meaning to repel) | repelido | repulso |
restringir (meaning to restrict) | restringido | restrito |
revolver (meaning to turn over) | revolvido | revolto |
romper (meaning to break up) | rompido | roto |
salvar (meaning to save) | salvado | salvo |
secar (meaning to dry) | secado | seco |
segurar (meaning to hold) | segurado | seguro |
sepultar (meaning to bury) | sepultado | sepulto |
situar (meaning to situate) | situado | sito |
soltar (meaning to release) | soltado | solto |
submergir (meaning to submerge) | submergido | submerso |
submeter (meaning to submit) | submetido | submisso |
sujar (meaning to dirty) | sujado | sujo |
sujeitar (meaning to subject) | sujeitado | sujeito |
suprimir (meaning to suppress) | suprimido | supresso |
surgir (meaning to emerge) | surgido | surto |
surpreender (meaning to surprise) | surpreendido | surpreso |
suspeitar (meaning to suspect) | suspeitado | suspeito |
suspender (meaning to suspend) | suspendido | suspenso |
tingir (meaning to dye) | tingido | tinto |
torcer (meaning to twist) | torcido | torto |
vagar (meaning to wander) | vagado | vago |
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